Personal Suffixes

ben: I
biz: we
sen: you (singular/informal). Sen is used when speaking to close friends, family and children.
siz: you (plural and formal) Siz is used when you need to be formal. For example when talking to an old person.
o: he/she/it There is no distinction between 'he', 'she' and 'it' in Turkish. We understand from The context the gender of the person involved.
onlar: they

Since we can understand the subject of the sentence by means of personal suffixes, we generally don't used personal pronouns as the subject of a sentence in daily speech.

Personal suffixes

These suffixes show the person involved and number of the subject, and they are used as "to be" in English.

(Y)im: i am
-sin: you are
no suffix for he/she/it is
-(Y)iz: we are
-siniz: you are (plural)
-ler/lar: they are

In a Turkish word, a vowel is not followed by another vowel. That's why when the root of the word ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with a vowel, a buffer letter is added in between the two vowels. Generally the buffer letter is (y).

According to vowel harmony personal suffixes can be added to the root word in four different ways except (ler/lar).

First person-(y)im (I am)
If the root word ends in a vowel, the variants are:
y-ım, y-im, y-um, y-üm.

Examples:
iyiyim: I am well
kötüyüm: I am bad
mutluyum: I am happy
Hastayım: I am sick

If the root word ends in consonants, the variants are:
-im, -ım, -üm, -um.

Examples:
açım: I am hungry
Tokum: I am full.
Öğrenciyim: I am student
Üzgünüm: I am sad.

second person -SIN: you are (singular, informal)
Its variants are:
-sin, -sın, -sun, -sün.

Examples:
Hastasın: you are sick.
iyisin: you are well
Mutlusun: You are happy.
Üzgünsün: You are sad.

third person: (he/she/it)
Personal suffix for the third person is -DIR. However, in daily speech, this ending is not used.

Examples:
genç: she is young
Yaşlı: he is old.
Mutlu: She is happy.
Hasta: He is sick.

First person plural -(Y)iZ: we are
If the root word ends in a vowel it has four variants:
y-ız, y-iz, y-uz, y-üz.

Examples:
iyiyiz: we are well
hastayız: we are ill
mutluyuz: we are happy
Üzgünüz: we are sad.

If the root word ends in a consınent it has four variants:
ız, iz, uz, üz.

Examples:
Zenginiz: We are rich.
Hazırız: We are ready.
Tokuz: We are full.
Türküz: we are Turkish.

Second person plural -siniz: you are (plural and formal )
It has four variants:
siniz, -sınız, -sünüz, -sunuz

Examples:
Mutlusunuz: You are happy.
Bekarsınız: You are single.
iyisiniz: You are well.
Üzgünsünüz: You are sad.

Third person plural -LER: they are
It has two variants:
ler, lar

Examples:
iyiler: they are well
Mutlular: They are happy. Take the personal suffixes quiz

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Personal pronouns and suffixes/endings